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جنگ کریمه
Post-Napoleonic Europe witnessed the greatest experiment in institutionalized restraint of great powers, a soft-balancing effort in which Concert diplomacy was systematically used to legitimize or dele- gitimize their behavior and restrain their aggression toward each oth- er.46 The collapse of the Concert in 1853 and the ensuing intense hard balancing produced violent military conflicts that began with the Crimean War and culminated with World War I.
The European balance of power did not deter Britain's Lord Palmerston or France's Napoleon III from participating in the Crimean War (1853-56), Count Camillo Cavour of Piedmont from waging war with Austria in 1859, or Bismarck from launching the German unification wars (1864-71).
The Crimean War stands out as a failure of both hard and soft balancing.
Why did the Concert system fail to prevent the Crimean War?
In a sense, the Crimean War was inevitable, as it arose from the long-term decline of the Ottoman Empire and the other powers' ambi- tions to capture as much of the Turks' land and influence as possible.
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